Harvesting Renewable Energy from Foot Pedal Using Rotational Electromagnetic Induction Flywheel

Philippines is one of the highest electricity prices in the ASEAN where harnessing renewable energy using wasted human effort is necessary. The global pandemic COVID-19 is spreading and because of this, establishments have required sanitation. The study's main objective is to Develop a Rotational Electromagnetic Induction Flywheel using Foot Pedal as Actuation to Harvest Renewable Energy. T-test was used to validate the results using the battery percentage of a power bank as the parameter, where there is a significant difference between single and multiple actuations with an attached mechanical dispenser and without. The system was able to harness an average of 0.30992 Watt-hour and 6.11476 Watt-hour in 5 daily trials for single and multiple controlled set-ups without mechanical dispenser respectively. An average of 0.2441 Watt-hour and 5.0027 Watt-hour for single and multiple controlled set-ups with mechanical dispenser correspondingly. Lastly, an average of 3.2924 Watt-hour in 5 daily trials for uncontrolled set-up. © 2023 IEEE.

Experiences of Project-Based Simulated Work-Integrated Learning in Renewable Energy Course during COVID-19

Work-integrated learning (WIL) is a key component of current higher education learning and teaching to train globally employable engineering graduates. However, COVID-19 imposed significant challenges to delivering WIL face-to-face at the workplace. One of the solutions to these challenges is the simulated WIL which can be delivered online or in hybrid mode. This paper presents a project-based innovative simulated work integrated learning (WIL), successfully introduced in the renewable energy course at the time of COVID-19, tackling all the issues related to online deliveries and simulated WIL. The project is on the practical design of renewable energy-based community microgrids where students need to collect real-world data for the design and use professional software to finalise their designs in collaboration with the course coordinator and an industry expert. Student surveys and external reviews show that the simulated WIL is well received to replace the traditional WIL. © 2023 IEEE.

Problems-based Learning in Higher Education Under Regular and COVID19 Pandemic Conditions: An Educational Experience

Offshore wind and waves will play an important role at helping the European Union (EU) meet its sustainability goals. Among other efforts, a clear commitment is needed in the area of High Education, a field in which the European Union is also making its contribution through a miriad of initiatives. Amongst these, it is worth highlighting the Renewable Energy in the Marine Environment (REM) master (https://www.master-remplus.eu/), an European Union funded Erasmus Mundus program that started in 2018. In this work, an educational experience corresponding to one subject in the REM Msc is described. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance and resilience of the Problems-Based Learning Methodology (PBL) and compare the educational outcomes obtained in standard conditions first, and then, under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. © 2023 IEEE.

Energy demand supply of small-scale medical centers in epidemic conditions of Covid-19 with hybrid renewable resources

The energy supply of healthcare facilities is of great importance under different circumstances. In this study, supplying the energy of a clinic using maximum renewable resources under normal and crisis conditions is examined. This paper is novel in that it designs an energy system specifically for times of crisis. The proposed clinic is located in two different regions in Iran. This paper considers a solar panel, wind turbine, battery, inverter, and controller for electricity generation from renewable resources, a steam boiler for heating needs, and a diesel generator as a backup system. Scenarios, including changes in the type of controller and the price of different parts, were examined. In the optimal scenario, where the clinic is in normal conditions in terms of patient acceptance, the net present cost and cost of energy were estimated to be $2.57 million and 0.0606 $/kWh for Rasht, and $3.09 million and 0.0732 $/kWh for Shiraz, respectively. In a new scenario, in a critical time of the COVID-19 outbreak, the net present cost and cost of energy were calculated to be $4.29 million and 0.0608$/kWh for Rasht, and $5.31 million and 0.0755 $/kWh for Shiraz, respectively. Also the clinic will generate an annual income of $0.12 million by selling excess energy produced in this scenario during normal conditions. © 2023 The Author(s)

Energy policy simulation in times of crisis: Revisiting the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy production on environmental quality in Germany

In this paper, we examine for the first time in the literature the implications of energy policy alternatives for Germany considering the aftermath of coronavirus as well as Electricity and Gas energy supply shortages. Whilst several policy options are open to the government, the choice of investment in renewable energy generation versus disinvestment in non-renewable energy such as coal energy generation provides divergent impacts in the long term. We utilize data from British Petroleum and the World Bank Development Indicator database for Germany covering 1981 to 2020 to explore a Carbon function by applying a battery of Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), dynamic ARDL and Kernel-Based Regularized Least squares approaches. The particular policy tested is the pledge by Germany to decrease emissions by ∼100% in 2050, and this was integrated through the estimation of dynamic ARDL estimation. The simulation result shows that a ＋61% shock in renewable energy production decreases carbon emissions unlike coal energy production which increases carbon emissions in the beginning but the carbon emissions decrease thereafter. The findings highlight the inevitability of cutting down on coal production, and recommends energy investment alternatives. Hence, Germany's energy policy should contemplate more thoroughly on these factors. © 2023 The Author(s)

The perspective of energy poverty and 1st energy crisis of green transition

The role of energy transition amidst the energy crisis and how policymakers can drive down emissions while focusing on energy security are critical. Given the geo-political situation, energy crisis volatility, energy shortage and climate change all affect the green transition and the short-term priorities for energy companies and policymakers. Energy security is not an isolated issue but has widespread implications as various sectors depend on energy supply to function properly. Governments around the world are faced with this trilemma, how to balance energy security with energy sustainability while also considering energy affordability. Sustainability has been in focus for about a decade. However, energy security is suddenly becoming one of the most important priorities that policymakers need to consider. Unfortunately, the renewable energy infrastructure is not yet ready to replace the growing volume of energy demand from hydrocarbon, which the world has been dependent on. This means, for now, a surge in energy generation through hydrocarbon to meet the existing energy demand deficit. However, it is important not to lose focus on the challenge of energy sustainability and climate change adaption and mitigation. Where trends like carbon capture and storage;solar, wind, hydro, green hydrogen, etc.;renewable energy infrastructure and integrations, with supply chain and engineering services consideration [in aspect for the growing market in this space] need better attention with regards to investment and full-scale implementation. This paper aims to analyze this 1st energy crisis of green transition with a priori on energy poverty with consideration of major influences and associated impacts. Furthermore, it proposes a specific framework for inclusive investigations, which considers the entire energy ecosystem with consideration of major influences, to enable the policymakers to better drive the green transition. This involves formulating energy policies that are not entirely conservative towards renewable energy sources but instead promote investments in both green and relatively more environmentally benign energy sources compared to high emission hydrocarbons. In this regard, this paper renders exhaustive prospects and recommendations. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

To what extent does renewable energy deployment reduce pollution indicators? the moderating role of research and development expenditure: Evidence from the top three ranked countries

Climate change, pollution, drought, and rising seas impede the achievement of the seventh sustainable development goal SDG#7 (i.e. affordable and clean energies).To counter these threats, the use of Renewable Energy (RE) as an alternative to conventional energy has an important role to play in sustainable development. In this context, the purpose of our paper is to investigate the effect of RE deployment on environmental protection in China, The United States of America (USA), and Germany: the top three ranked countries in terms of RE production, according to RENEWABLE 2021 GLOBAL STATUSREPORT. To achieve this objective, the paper adopts a Panel fully modified OLS (FMOLS) method. Results declare that renewable energy significantly reduce pollution indicators;furthermore, we find that Research and development fully moderate this relationship. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of increasing spending on Research and development activities in the RE sector. In addition, the countries studied and countries around the world should pay greater attention to investment in research and development to support the long-term plan for advancing sustainable energy sources for feasible energy and economic development.

Dynamic correlations of renewable-energy companies: Evidence from a multilayer network model

Against the background of seeking to achieve carbon neutrality, relationships among renewable-energy companies around the world have become multiple and complex. In this work, the Pearson, Kendall, tail, and partial correlation coefficients were applied to 51 global companies - including solar and wind firms, independent power plants, and utilities - to explore the linear, nonlinear, extreme-risk, and direct relations between them. Sample data from 7 August 2015 to 6 August 2021 were considered, and three sub-periods were extracted from these sample data by analysis of the evolution of multiple correlations combined with event analysis. A four-layer correlation network model was then constructed. The main results are as follows. (1) The multiple relations among the selected firms underwent dramatic changes during two external shocks (the China-US trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic). (2) The extreme-risk network layer verified that the trade war mainly affected the relationships among companies in the solar industries of China and the US. (3) During the COVID-19 pandemic period, the linear and direct relationships among wind firms from Canada, Spain, and Germany were significantly increased. In this sub-period, edge-weight distributions of the four different layers were heterogeneous and varied from power-law features to Gaussian distributions. (4) During all the sub-periods, most companies had similar numbers of neighbors, while the numbers of neighbors of a few companies varied greatly in the four different layers. These findings provide a useful reference for stakeholders and may help them understand the connectedness and evolution of global renewable-energy markets. © 2023 Author(s).

Potential of CBM as an Energy Vector in Active Mines and Abandoned Mines in Russia and Europe

The energy sector is in the spotlight today for its contribution to global warming and its dependence on global geopolitics. Even though many countries have reduced their use of coal, the COVID-19 crisis, the drop in temperatures in Central Asia, and the war between Russia and Ukraine have shown that coal continues to play an important role in this sector today. As long as we continue to depend energetically on coal, it is necessary to create the basis for the successful extraction and industrial use of coal mine methane (CMM), for example, as an unconventional energy resource. Early degassing technology is a technique that allows for the extraction of the methane contained within the coal seams. The application of this technology would reduce emissions, improve mine safety, and even increase their profitability. However, this technology has been understudied and is still not implemented on a large scale today. Moreover, mines with this technology generally burn the extracted methane in flares, losing a potential unconventional fuel. This study, therefore, presents different scenarios of the use of coalbed methane (CBM), with the aim of generating an impact on pollutant emissions from coal mines. To this end, a model has been designed to evaluate the economic efficiency of degasification. In addition, an emissions analysis was carried out. The results showed that the use of this technology has a negative impact on the economy of mines, which can be completely reversed with the use of CBM as fuel. Furthermore, it is observed that degasification, in addition to reducing the number of accidents in coal mining, reduces emissions by 30–40%. © 2023 by the authors.

Urbanization, renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions: a pathway to achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in sub-Saharan Africa

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate sustainable green economy in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1990–2019 using a quantile regression approach, considering the nexus between urbanization, economic growth, renewable energy, trade and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Design/methodology/approach: The study used a dynamic panel quantile regression to investigate the conditional distribution of CO2 emissions along the turn-points of urbanization, economic growth, renewable energy, trade and the regressors via quadratic modeling specifications. Findings: The main findings are established as follows. There is strong evidence of the Kuznets curve in the nexus between urbanization, economic growth, renewable energy, trade and CO2 emissions, respectively. Second, urbanization thresholds that should not be exceeded for sustainability to reduce CO2 emissions are 0.21%, and 2.70% for the 20th and 75th quantiles of the CO2 emissions distribution. Third, growth thresholds of 3.64%, 3.84%, 4.01%, 4.36% and 5.87% across the quantiles of the CO2 emissions distribution. Fourth, energy thresholds of 3.64%, 3.61%, 3.70%, 4.02% and 4.34% across the quantiles of the CO2 emissions distribution. Fifth, trade thresholds of 3.37% and 4.47% for the 20th and median quantiles of the CO2 emissions distribution, respectively. Practical implications: The empirical shreds of evidence offer policy implications in such that building sustainable development and environment requires maintaining the critical mass, not beyond those insightful thresholds to achieving sustainable development and environmentally friendly SSA countries. Social implications: Sustainable cities and communities in an era of economic recovery path COVID-19 mitigate greenhouse gas. The policy relevance is of particular concern to the sustainable development goals. Originality/value: The study is novel considering the extant literature by providing policymakers with avoidable thresholds for policy formulations and implementations in the nexus between urbanization, economic growth, renewable energy and trade openness. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Análisis de Políticas Públicas para la adopción de Energías Renovables No Convencionales en Colombia

Se espera que la reactivación de la actividad industrial para recuperar la economía post-Covid-19, origine un incremento en los gases de efecto invernadero como consecuencia del uso de recursos naturales no renovables como carbón, petróleo y gas natural. En Colombia, sin embargo, la matriz energética ha mantenido una proporción de capacidad instalada relativamente constante favoreciéndose la energía producida a partir de fuentes hídricas (68% de energía proveniente de hidroeléctricas, 31% de termoeléctricas y 1% de energía eólica y solar). Considerando el potencial del país para el desarrollo de las energías renovables no convencionales, esta investigación busca revisar las políticas públicas vigentes para la adopción y promoción de estas formas de energía como parte de la transición energética hacia fuentes de energía que minimicen aún más los aportes de Colombia al cambio climático. Se realizó una investigación documental y descriptiva fundamentada en la información disponible en fuentes académicas e institucionales reseñada entre el año 2014 y el 2022. Los resultados indican que Colombia tiene un marco legal normativo importante que inicia con la Ley 1715 del año 2014, evolucionando hasta el presente con los aportes de las normativas generadas por la Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas (CREG) y la Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética (UPME), entre otras. A partir del año 2019 se han generado decretos o leyes para mejorar los incentivos y facilitar la radicación de proyectos de generación de fuentes de energías renovables no convencionales.Alternate abstract:The reactivation of industrial activity to recover the post-Covid-19 economy is expected to cause an increase ingreenhouse gases because of the use of non-renewable natural resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. In Colombia,however, the energy matrix has maintained a relatively constant proportion of installed capacity, favoring energy producedfrom hydroelectric sources (68% of energy from hydroelectric plants, 31% from thermoelectric plants, and 1% from wind andsolar energy). Considering the country's potential for the development of non-conventional renewable energies, this researchseeks to review current public policies for the adoption and promotion of these forms of energy as part of the energy transitiontowards energy sources that further minimize the contributions of Colombia to climate change. A documentary and descriptiveresearch was carried out based on the information available in academic and institutional sources reviewed between 2014and 2022. The results indicate that Colombia has an important regulatory legal framework that begins with Law 1715 of 2014,evolving until the present with the contributions of the regulations generated by the Energy and Gas Regulation Commission(CREG) and the Energy Mining Planning Unit (UPME), among others. As of 2019, decrees or laws have been generated toimprove incentives and facilitate the establishment of projects to generate non-conventional renewable energy sources.

Connectedness among El Niño-Southern Oscillation, carbon emission allowance, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets: Time- and frequency-domain evidence based on TVP-VAR model

Understanding the interactions among climate change, carbon emission allowance trading, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets, especially the role of climate change in this system is of great significance for policy makers, energy producers/consumers and relevant investors. The present paper aims to quantify the time-varying connectedness effects among the four factors by using the TVP-VAR based extensions of both time- and frequency-domain connectedness index measurements proposed by Antonakakis et al. (2020) and Ellington and Barunik (2021) [8,48]. The empirical results suggest that, firstly, the average total connectedness among climate change, carbon emission allowance trading, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets is not so strong for the heterogenous fundamentals underlying them. Nevertheless, the time-varying total connectedness fluctuates fiercely through May 2005 to September 2021, varying from about 8% to 30% and rocket to very high levels during the global subprime mortgage crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the total connectedness mainly centers on the short-term frequency, i.e., 1–3 months. Secondly, climate change is generally the leading information contributor among the four factors, although not particularly strong, and its leading role also performs mainly on the short-term frequency (1–3 months). Thirdly, renewable energy stock market and crude oil market show tight interactions between them and they are the two major bridges of information exchanges across various time frequencies (horizons) in this system. Finally, we confirm the evidence that the primary net connectedness contributor and receiver switch frequently across different time frequencies, implying that it is extremely essential for policy makers, energy producers/consumers and investors to make time-horizon-specific regulatory, production/purchasing or investment decisions when facing the uncertain effects of climate change on the interactions among carbon emission allowance, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Fifth international conference on materials and environmental science: Role of new materials in sustainable development

The Fifth International Conference on Materials and Environmental Science (ICMES20221), is an interdisciplinary platform to promote a multi-sectoral and collaborative approach in the field of development of new and innovative approaches in materials, their applications in energy and renewable energy, environmental science, sustainable development, health, biotechnology and electrical engineering. The scientific committee of ICMES2022 agreed that the health session was the priority since the Covid19 pandemic still constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. There are many multifunctional materials available by the advent of nanotechnology, ranging from carbon nanotubes, graphene, inorganic nanoparticles, conducting polymers, 2D materials, CO2 material capture, etc… Materials science Conference is an event that brings together leading researchers spanning the field of materials science and engineering to present and discuss cutting edge research with other experts in the field: exchanging ideas to advance current understanding towards the future of materials science. © 2022

The role of renewable energy finance in achieving low-carbon growth: contextual evidence from leading renewable energy-investing countries

Although switching from non-renewable to renewable energy is believed to stimulate low-carbon economic growth, the means to establishing this energy transition have largely remained unexplored in the extant literature. Against this backdrop, this study focuses on evaluating how scaling public investment in renewable energy-related research and development projects impacts the carbon productivity levels in the top-10 renewable energy-investing countries. The estimation strategy comprised econometric methods that can handle cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity related concerns in the data. Regarding the key findings, higher public research and development-related investments in renewable energy are observed to boost carbon productivity levels in the concerned countries, while natural resource consumption and net exports are found to reduce carbon productivity. Besides, the results endorsed that public research and development investment for renewable energy development exhibits a moderating role by jointly boosting carbon productivity with higher natural resource consumption and net exports. Moreover, it is also seen to inflict a mediating effect by jointly boosting carbon productivity with urbanization. In line with these findings, the concerned governments are recommended to scale such investment in order to stimulate technological innovation so that renewable energy transition can take place to establish low carbon economic growth. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Assessment of building energy performance integrated with solar PV: Towards a net zero energy residential campus in India

Building Applied Photovoltaics (BAPV) such as Roof-top Solar PV has gained significant attention in recent years for harnessing the untapped potential of renewable energy sources. However, rooftop PV poses hurdles of space restriction and shadowing in densely packed urban residential neighborhoods. This study aims to design and assess the feasibility of an integrated grid-connected Rooftop and Façade Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) for meeting the energy demand of residential buildings on an academic campus. Three distinctive groups of residential typologies have been investigated in this study, categorized based on built area and occupants' past energy usage. Additionally, the variation in the measured Energy Performance index of the three different residential groups is illustrated to pave the path for the development of a typology-based residential energy benchmarking and labelling system. The Solar PV system has been designed for the maximum household energy demand recorded in CoVID-affected years due to high residential electricity usage in this period. The study showcases that integration of façade BIPV for low-rise residential buildings increases the system energy production to up to 62.5 % based on the utilized surface area for active PV. Furthermore, the Net Zero Energy Building (ZEB) potential for each typology has been achieved by integration of the proposed Solar PV, evaluated as a function of the Energy Performance Index (EPI) and Energy Generation Index (EGI). The designed nominal PV power of the proposed grid-connected plant is 5.6 MW, producing 7182 MWh annually, meeting the maximum residential energy demand in the studied academic campus in CoVID affected year. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Impacts of COVID-19 on dynamic return and volatility spillovers between rare earth metals and renewable energy stock markets

We examine the time-frequency co-movements and return and volatility spillovers between the rare earths and six major renewable energy stocks. We employ the wavelet analysis and the spillover index methodology from January 1, 2018 to May 15, 2020. We report that the COVID-19-triggered significant increase in co-movements and spillovers in returns and volatility between the rare earths and renewable energy returns and volatility. The rare earths act as net recipient of both return and volatility spillovers, while the clean energy stocks are net transmitters of return and volatility spillovers before and during the COVID-19 crisis. The solar and wind stocks are net transmitters/receivers of spillovers before/during the pandemic. The remaining markets shift from net spillover receivers to transmitters or vice versa;evidencing the effects of the pandemic. Our results show that cross-market hedge strategies may have their efficiency impaired during the periods of crises implying a necessity of portfolio rebalancing. © 2022 The Authors

Effective multipurpose sewage sludge and food waste reduction strategies: A focus on recent advances and future perspectives

Energy crisis and increasing rigorous management standards pose significant challenges for solid waste management worldwide. Several emerging diseases such as COVID-19 aggravated the already complex solid waste management crisis, especially sewage sludge and food waste streams, because of the increasingly large production year by year. As mature waste disposal technologies, landfills, incineration, composting, and some other methods are widespread for solid wastes management. This paper reviews recent advances in key sewage sludge disposal technologies. These include incineration, anaerobic digestion, and valuable products oriented-conversion. Food waste disposal technologies comprised of thermal treatment, fermentation, value-added product conversion, and composting have also been described. The hot topic and dominant research foci of each area are summarized, simultaneously compared with conventional technologies in terms of organic matter degradation or conversion performance, energy generation, and renewable resources production. Future perspectives of each technology that include issues not well understood and predicted challenges are discussed with a positive effect on the full-scale implementation of the discussed disposal methods. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

On-Farm Renewable Energy Systems: A Systematic Review

Over the years, energy is becoming an essential factor with an impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects. More than 2.5 billion people are connected to agriculture worldwide, so the importance of agricultural energy production has become increasingly important. This study provides a comprehensive review of renewable energy, environment, and farm publication trends. Two hundred articles from 1988 to 2022 were analyzed, with special attention devoted to the last three extreme years, using the Scopus database and the Bibliometrix tool for analysis and visualization. Research on this topic experienced significant developments after 2008, with many fluctuations being revealed. Historically, China and the USA were the most productive countries in agricultural energy production advancements. However, in the last three years, the research center's respective contributions have undergone major changes. China maintained its dominance, but the importance of the USA fell sharply, and new centers (India, Poland) appeared. Biogas is the most popular method which is used and searched in this area between 1988–2022 since it includes both sustainability and locality. However, between 2020–2022, the importance of the circular economy has been highlighted in the literature. Complex energy systems, dual use of land, and energy storage might be the most important challenges for future research. © 2023 by the authors.

Hydrogen Related Technologies and Application a Major Pathway for the Energy Transition

The capabilities of hydrogen as a key role in the upcoming transition to a more sustainable green energy future have increased rapidly in recent years and gained interest globally. COVID-19 Outbreak drew attention to how important it is for us as societies to have Clean Air, Water, Food And re-established consumers behavior regarding the consumption of energy which pointed the attention at hydrogen Starting from the first meeting to fight climate change until today, the biggest steps and strategies taken against global warming focusing on hydrogen cost-reduction technologies and Carbon-based industries where hydrogen is a promising solution to transform them into Emission-free industries. This chapter reviews the most recent publications and papers on green hydrogen, its applications, and the challenges that faces us as societies to empower green hydrogen utilization in a transition to a carbon-free future, and how it can play a vital role in the energy transition with Europe latest hydrogen-based strategies to become a climate-neutral continent. And how hydrogen and its application will lead the energy transition to renewables in Turkey. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Photovoltaic systems with secondhand batteries of electric vehicles and their social implementation in times of COVID-19

As people spend more time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic, residential electricity consumption is increasing. To prevent global warming, the increased electricity consumption should be covered by renewable energy, e.g. photovoltaic (PV) power generation. However, PV systems are unstable power sources due to weather conditions;it is necessary to stabilize the residential PV power supply by using batteries. Now, electric vehicles (EV) are beginning to spread, especially in emerging countries. The EV batteries are useful for stabilizing the residential PV power supply. The idea of V2X, using EVs as batteries for buildings, is well-known but still a work in progress. Instead of V2X, we started an experiment based on another idea that we use the secondhand EV lithiumion batteries to stabilize the residential PV power supply. Since 2017, the experiment has been conducted in Yamaguchi in order to evaluate the self-sufficiency of a PV system with the stationary battery, which reused secondhand EV lithium-ion batteries as its components. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the self-sufficiency of PV system was improved by up to 1.75 times with the stationary storage battery compared to the case without the stationary storage battery. © 2021 IEEE.